Abstract– This paper presents the equations for calculating safe touch and step voltage limits (safety criteria) in accordance with the latest international Standards and compares
Switchgear in substations is installed on top of concrete slabs containing substantial quantities of steel reinforcement. Often the embedded steel reinforcement is bonded to the main earthing system and used to cost-effectively improve earthing electrical performance and safety.
The purpose of transmission line grounding is to provide adequate lightning performance of the line; and effectively dissipate fault current avoiding the build-up of unsafe step and touch potentials around the tower base.
To show how and when earthing rods can be used to improve the safety of earthing grids by reducing the grid resistance and potential rise (GPR) as well as surface, step and touch potentials.
To model the influence of an additional substance surrounding the conductors of a buried earthing system on grid resistance, touch and step voltages.
This tutorial is designed to help users of SafeGrid Earthing Software to learn about and practice the application of powerful operating principles.
The following tutorial is designed to help users of SafeGrid Earthing Software to learn about and practice the application of powerful operating tools and principles.
An extensive study of earthing grids using SafeGrid software designed for determining performance of grids of arbitrary geometrical configuration in two layer soils has been undertaken. The study confirms work by Dawalibi and Mukhedkar undertaken using similar software called CDEGS®.
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