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Problem
To model the influence of an additional substance surrounding the conductors of a buried earthing system on grid resistance, touch and step voltages.
Solution
Treat the actual buried conductor and surrounding substance combined as a buried conductor of an equivalent (calculated) radius.


Approximate analytical equation
Where
Example
Model in SafeGrid under Design Settings
Reference
[1] Kurtovic, M. and Vujevic, S. “Earthing grid parameters with conductor surrounded by an additional substance.”, IEEE Transactions, 2000